IB DP Microeconomics · HL

Tax incidence: who really pays?

Apply a per-unit tax, then change how steep each curve is. The legal payer doesn't decide the economic burden — elasticity does.

PQDSS + tax3526
Burden split
56% consumers · 44% producers
Consumers now pay
35.0
Producers now receive
26.0
Quantity (was 60)
50
Government revenue
450

Steepen the demand curve and watch the gold consumer share grow: whoever finds it harder to walk away — the relatively more inelastic side — bears more of the tax. The two shaded rectangles together are the government's revenue.